Bikini Incision vs Longitudinal Incision for Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Background: Direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty (DAA THA) traditionally involves a longitudinal incision, but a bikini incision may improve postoperative scar cosmesis and patient satisfaction while reducing wound complications. This systematic review compares the clinical outcomes and surgical complications in patients undergoing DAA THA via a bikini vs longitudinal incision. Methods: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses-compliant search of PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE was performed to identify original articles comparing patients undergoing DAA THA via a bikini vs longitudinal incision published from 2010 to 2021. Patient demographic data and postoperative outcomes (scar appearance, patient satisfaction, functional hip scores, and complications) were collected and qualitatively evaluated. Results: A total of 8 double-armed studies were included, allowing comparison of clinical outcomes of a bikini incision (n = 952) vs a longitudinal incision (n = 1361). Three out of 4 (75.0%) studies comparing postoperative scar appearance and patient satisfaction reported improvements following bikini incision, while 1 study reported comparable results between incision types. Postoperative hip function was similar between incision types in 3 of 4 (75.0%) studies comparing this outcome. Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury was the most frequently reported complication following anterior THA, but rates were low overall, and most injuries resolved. Conclusions: Bikini incision appears to be a safe alternative to the traditional longitudinal incision, with similar functional hip outcomes and potentially improved cosmesis and patient satisfaction while reducing wound complications. Current evidence suggests an elevated risk of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury with bikini incision, but this needs to be confirmed in further prospective randomized studies.

Dissemination and uptake of HIV/STD preventive interventions in American Indian and Alaska Native communities: a case study.

Objectives: HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are serious health conditions among American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) populations, especially youth. However, few sexual risk reduction evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have been implemented by AIAN-serving organizations. This project sought to identify and assess the parameters facilitating the uptake and use of EBIs in order to strengthen opportunities for sustainability and improved sexual health among AIANs.Design: Guided by Rogers' theory of diffusion of innovation, we conducted a survey with a national sample of stakeholders involved with sexual health and well-being of AIAN youth (N = 142). We collected surveys for nine months beginning September 2010 and analyzed data in 2014 and 2015. We assessed respondents' perceptions of factors that might facilitate or hinder the use of a sexual risk reduction EBI, called RESPECT, in their communities. We regressed the scale of likely program uptake (alpha = 0.88) on each of five measures of perception of diffusion and uptake: trialability (extent new program can be altered), relative advantage (more advantageous than current program), observability (impact of program), complexity (difficulty of implementation), and compatibility (consistent with community values and practices).Results: Trialability (p = .009), observability (p = .003), and compatibility (p = .005) were found to be significantly related to program uptake in the adjusted model. Standardized betas showed that compatibility ranked highest of the three, followed by trialability and observability.Conclusions: For AIAN-serving organizations and AIAN communities, demonstrating trialability, compatibility, and observability of a sexual risk reduction EBI in specific cultural settings may increase likelihood of implementation and sustainability.

The "EA brief": A single session of parent feedback and coaching to improve emotional attachment and emotional availability (EA).

The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which a brief parenting intervention provided the context for helping families to support positive mother-child interactions as well as more optimal mother and child outcomes. Participants in this study were middle income mothers and their children were between 0-3 years of age (N = 25 dyads). Participants were filmed via Skype during a 20-minute mother-child free play and completed questionnaires (Time 1) before attending the brief intervention (involving: a single session of one-on-one parent feedback and coaching, and information via group meeting, texts, and reading) followed by a repeat of the 20-minute Skype interaction and the completion of the same questionnaires (Time 2). Paired samples t-tests were performed, revealing that mothers reported improvements in their personal well-being (using the Flourishing Scale), reports about the mother-child relationship (using the Emotional Availability Self Report), and observed interactions, particularly the child's side of the relationship (using the Emotional Availability System), from pretest to posttest. Results are discussed in terms of a single session of parent feedback and coaching (in conjunction with an informational group session and texts) potentially having a role in "planting a seed" for observed and self-reported parenting enhancement and child development.

La meta de este estudio fue determinar hasta qué punto una intervención de crianza breve ofrecía el contexto para ayudar a familias a apoyar las positivas interacciones madre-niño, así como también resultados más óptimos en la madre y el niño. Las participantes en este estudio fueron madres de ingresos medios y sus niños de edad de 0 a 3 años (N = 25 díadas). Las participantes fueron filmadas a través de Skype durante una sesión de juego libre de 20 minutos entre madre y niño y ellas completaron cuestionarios (Primer momento) antes de asistir a la breve intervención (la cual estaba compuesta de una sola sesión de entrenamiento uno a uno de la madre, y de información por medio de reuniones de grupo, textos y lecturas) seguida de una repetida interacción de 20 minutos a través de Skype y volver a completar el mismo cuestionario (Segundo momento). Se llevaron a cabo muestras emparejadas de exámenes t, revelando así que las madres reportaron mejoras en su bienestar personal (usando la Escala Flourishing), reportes acerca de la relación madre-niño (usando el Auto Reporte de Disponibilidad Emocional), y observadas interacciones, particularmente el lado del niño en la relación (usando las Escalas de Disponibilidad Emocional), desde el pre-examen hasta el post-examen. Se discuten los resultados en términos de una sola sesión de entrenamiento de la madre (en conjunto con una sesión informativa de grupo y textos) que potencialmente juega un papel en el proceso de "plantar la semilla" para las observadas y auto-reportadas mejorías en la crianza y el desarrollo del niño.

Le but de cette étude était de déterminer dans quelle mesure une brève intervention de parentage offrait un contexte pour aider des familles à soutenir des interactions mère-enfant positives ainsi que des résultats mère et enfant plus optimaux. Les participants à cette étude étaient des mères de classe moyenne et leurs enfants âgés de 0 à trois ans d'âge (N = 25 dyades). Les participants ont été filmés au moyen de Skype pendant une séance de jeu libre de 20 minutes et ont complété des questionnaires (Temps 1) avant de participer à une brève intervention (qui comprenait: une seule séance de coaching d'un à un avec le parent, et des renseignements avec une réunion de groupes, des textos, et des lectures) suivie d'une répétition de l'interaction de 20 minutes au moyen de Skype et du remplissage des mêmes questionnaires (Temps 2). Des tests t d'échantillons appariés ont été faits, révélant que les mères faisaient part d'amélioration dans leur bien-être personnel (en utilisant l'Echelle d'Epanouissement, soit en anglais Flourishing Scale), et ainsi que dans les rapports de la relation mère-enfant (en utilisant l'Auto Déclaration de Disponibilité Emotionnelle), et dans les interactions observées, en particulier le côté de l'enfant de la relation (en utilisant les Echelles de Disponibilité Emotionnelle), du prétest au posttest. Les résultats sont discutés en termes de séance unique de coaching du parent (en conjonction avec une séance d'information en groupe et de textos) ayant potentiellement un rôle et "plantant une graine" pour l'amélioration autodéclarée et observée du parentage et le développement de l'enfant. Mots clés: parent-enfant, disponibilité émotionnelle, intervention.

Integrating Community-Engagement and a Multiphase Optimization Strategy Framework: Adapting Substance Use Prevention for American Indian Families.

Initiation of substance use often occurs earlier among American Indian (AI) youth than among other youth in the USA, bringing increased risk for a variety of poor health and developmental outcomes. Effective prevention strategies are needed, but the evidence base remains thin for this population. Research makes clear that prevention strategies need to be culturally coherent; programs with an evidence base in one population cannot be assumed to be effective in another. However, guidance on effective adaptation is lacking. This paper reports on cultural adaptation of an evidence-based program utilizing the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) framework embedded within a community-engaged process to evaluate intervention components. The Strengthening Families Program for Parents and Youth 10-14 was adapted to become the Thiwáhe Gluwás'akapi Program for American Indian youth and families. Three program components were evaluated for their effectiveness with regard to outcomes (youth substance use, theoretical mediators of program effects on substance use, and program attendance) in a sample of 98 families (122 youth and 137 adults). Consistent with the MOST framework, the value of components was also evaluated with regard to efficiency, economy, and scalability. Expanding on the MOST framework for cultural adaptation, we also considered the results of the MOST findings regarding the acceptability of each component from the perspectives of community members and participants. The promise of a strategic component-based approach to adapting evidence-based interventions is discussed, including the benefits of engaging community to ensure relevance and considering both cultural and scientific rationale for each component to enhance impact.

Beyond Content: Cultural Perspectives on Using the Internet to Deliver a Sexual Health Intervention to American Indian Youth.

American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) youth are characterized by high rates of pregnancy and risky sexual behavior. Reaching these youth with culturally appropriate interventions is difficult due to geographic dispersion and cultural isolation. Online interventions can provide opportunities for reaching and engaging AIAN youth. However, electronic interventions are also impersonal and this can be culturally incongruous for AIANs and other populations for whom traditional ceremonies, practices and patterns of interpersonal communication are central. This paper describes the application of community based participatory research methods to: (1) identify concerns about the exclusive use of an online sexual health program; (2) address community concerns by developing supplemental class lessons, and (3) evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the new hybrid intervention. Data derives from qualitative and quantitative sources. During the formative phase of the project, qualitative data from partner interactions was analyzed with participatory inquiry to inform intervention development. To evaluate the intervention, qualitative data (e.g., interviews, surveys) were used to understand and explain quantitative measures such as implementation fidelity and attendance. Implementers were enthusiastic about the hybrid intervention. The lessons were easy to teach and provided opportunities for meaningful discussions, adaptations, and community involvement. The use of online videos was an effective method for providing training. Working with community partners, we resolved cultural concerns arising from the exclusive use of the Internet by creating a hybrid intervention. The additional burden for staff to deliver the class lessons was considered minimal in comparison to the educational and programmatic benefits of the hybrid intervention. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01698073.

Planning for a group-randomized trial with American Indian youth.

PURPOSE: To describe lessons learned working with tribal communities in the Northern Plains to plan and implement a group randomized trial of multimedia Circle of Life (mCOL), a sexual risk reduction program designed for American Indian (AI) youth. METHODS: Project records including emails, travel reports, and meeting minutes were reviewed and synthesized to describe participatory development of the project. RESULTS: Several challenges were identified including: discussing sexual health interventions for preteens with communities; developing a culturally appropriate research design; managing costs of conducting research in remote and culturally distinct tribal communities; and building research infrastructure of partner organizations. Opportunities for strengthening research partnerships included transparency, openness to bi-directional learning, planning for change, flexibility, and strategic use of technology. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that meaningful AI community participation in research trials is achievable and a critical step towards generating evidence for interventions in settings where they are most needed. Substantial investments in time, resources, and relationship-building are necessary.

Cardiovascular knowledge among urban American Indians and Alaska Natives: first steps in addressing cardiovascular health.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs). Given limited access to health care, urban AI/ANs may be at particular risk. Lack of available data, however, limits our understanding of cardiovascular health in this population. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a survey to characterize CVD-related knowledge, behavior, and risk of urban AI/ANs. Results related to knowledge are reported. METHODS: In collaboration with the Indian clinics in two urban communities, we surveyed 298 AI/ANs. RESULTS: Respondents recognized approximately half of the symptoms of heart attack and stroke, and were significantly less likely to recognize each symptom than reported in national studies using the same items. General CVD knowledge (e.g., risks of high blood pressure) was stronger, although areas for improvement were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Urban AI/ANs would benefit from efforts to enhance CVD knowledge. These preliminary data are providing the foundation for community-based efforts to address CVD risk among urban AI/ANs.

Reflections on a proposed theory of reservation-dwelling American Indian alcohol use: comment on Spillane and Smith (2007).

In their recent article, N. Spillane and G. Smith suggested that reservation-dwelling American Indians have higher rates of problem drinking than do either non-American Indians or those American Indians living in nonreservation settings. These authors further argued that problematic alcohol use patterns in reservation communities are due to the lack of contingencies between drinking and "standard life reinforcers" (SLRs), such as employment, housing, education, and health care. This comment presents evidence that these arguments were based on a partial review of the literature. Weaknesses in the application of SLR constructs to American Indian reservation communities are identified as is the need for culturally contextualized empirical evidence supporting this theory and its application. Cautionary notes are offered about the development of literature reviews, theoretical frameworks, and policy recommendations for American Indian communities.